Crude Violacein Extracts of Two Janthinobacterium sp. have inhibition effects on HIV-1 RT enzyme and SARS-CoV-2 spike S1: ACE2 interaction both in vitro and in silico

III. International Enzyme and Bioprocess Days / EBDays 2022, Tokat, Türkiye, 9 - 11 Eylül 2022, ss.56

AIDS and Covid-19 is an important public health problem. Violacein is very interesting due to its the

various biological activities, but studies on its antiviral activity are quite limited. Objective of this study

is to determine the effectiveness of crude violacein extract of two Jantihonobacterium strain on HIV1-

RT (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Reverse Transcriptase) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1: ACE2.

In this study, crude violacein extracts were obtained from two natural violacein producer

Janthinobacterium sp. strain GK and GMG-1. Extract composition determined by Thin Layer

Chromotography. For testing antiviral activity in vitro; HIV-1 RT inhibition test kit and SARS-CoV-2

Spike S1: ACE2 Biotin interaction inhibition test kit were used. For in silico study AutoDock 4.2, MGL

Tools 1.5.6 and, BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer programs were used.

Both crude violacein extracts (0.8-0.1 mg/ml) showed different inhibition activities on HIV-1 RT

(GMG1 100-14.23%, GK 55.98- 39.92%) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1: ACE2 biotin (GMG1 46-29%,

GK 31-5%). Results of in silico analysis suggest that ligand violacein and deoxyviolacein bind

strongly to the receptor ACE2, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding

domain.

The results of presenting silico and in vitro studies of this work support each other. However, there

are differences in the inhibition effects of GMG-1 and GK extracts. It is thought that this situation is

due to the difference in chemical composition of the extracts.

All in vitro analysis results indicate that the inhibitory activity of violacein and its derivatives increased

in a concentration-dependent manner.