Geodetic evidence of water mass loss from global navigation satellite system measured land uplift in Türkiye
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, cilt.677, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 677
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135787
- Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Artic & Antarctic Regions, BIOSIS, Compendex, Environment Index, Geobase, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study quantifies terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations in T & uuml;rkiye (2009-2024) using vertical land motion derived from a dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network. Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) was applied to separate long-term deformation from seasonal oscillations in GNSS height time series, and elastic loading inversion was performed to convert vertical displacement into monthly equivalent water height (EWH) estimates. The resulting monthly GNSS-based TWS estimates were validated with Global Land Water Storage (GLWS), Global Land Data Assimilation (GLDAS)-Noah and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products. Results reveal pronounced TWS depletion-induced uplift across Southeastern T & uuml;rkiye and Central Anatolia, reflecting groundwater stress in agricultural basins, while coastal and northern regions show positive water anomalies controlled by precipitation and snowmelt recharge. Seasonal amplitudes peak over the Black Sea and western regions, with phase shifts showing earlier TWS maxima in eastern snow-fed basins. Although GNSS-derived amplitudes are lower due to the sparse network and inversion smoothing, strong seasonal coherence with GRACE, GLDAS, and GLWS confirms the robustness of the approach. Overall, this work provides the first GNSS-based hydro-geodetic assessment of TWS over T & uuml;rkiye and demonstrates GNSS as a complementary tool for drought monitoring and climate-driven water-storage evaluation.