Although nations are the uniform form of social and political organization of modern times, almost each of the world's nations has a different nation-building story, style and way. However, it is possible to examine the nation-building processes roughly under six headings in the context of experiences that trigger nationalism. The first of these is nationalization in the sense of citizen-state bond and relationship institutionalized as a result of social internal tension, war, struggle, competition, social communication, dialogue and finally establishing a stable peace under the leadership of the clergyman and the merchant. This first example is the more civilized type of nation-building that has occurred primarily in North-Western Europe and North America. Especially England and France can be counted as pioneers of this first example.

The second type of nation-building process was shaped under the threat of neighboring states as well as internal social developments. The Germans under the leadership of Napoleon, the Poles with the threat of the Germans, the Dutch nation-building processes with the threat of the Spanish can be given as examples of this second type of nation-building processes in Europe. The nationalization of the Italians and Spaniards, which are among the large communities in Europe, are examples of a third type and European dialectic of nationhood, which developed completely under the threat of internal civil social developments and neighboring states, and was shaped by the developments in the environment. Most of the other examples in Europe are nationalizations that are the product of environmental effects and spillover effects that developed in the shadow of these three important typologies of nationhood. In other words, it is not possible to talk about a single European-style nation-building process.

A fourth type of nation-building process is the nation-building process that, as might be expected, is led by societies such as Turkey, which is fighting for national independence, honor and dignity against the aggressive, mandate and dominionist migrations. In many respects, countries such as China, Iran and Japan can also be put in this group.

The fifth type of nation-building process is the typology in which the colonized countries established their independent nation-states and built their nations as a result of the special relations they developed with the colonial powers, after being colonized for decades, maybe centuries. However, this typology has to be divided into two sub-typologies in itself. The first of these is the nation-building processes in which the countries that achieved their independence by fighting for power and fighting directly with the colonial powers presented an example. Countries such as Algeria and Pakistan can be included in this group. In the second sub-typology of this group, the colonial powers, mostly because of the Second World War, are in trouble and trouble in their own homes, although unintentionally, with soft agreements and minor abrasions, but ostensibly by the grace of the colonial state, the former relations have been softly restored through special agreements. There are nation-building processes in countries that continue to Countries such as Australia, New Zealand, India, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia can be included in these countries. The Commonwealth of Nations is one of the concrete manifestations of this smooth transition, agreement and special relations.

The nation-building processes of states are basically formed in the shadow of these six typologies, which are also the source of nationalism. The events that triggered the development of nationalism are for many societies their own historical, social and cultural fault lines. Every society constructs, designs and implements its future, and meanwhile, its nation along these fault lines and, so to speak, over traumas. In all of them, compulsory public education, historiography activities, nationalist language policies, media activities and various propagandas made by the state constitute the main body of nation-building. However, in particular, each state highlights different issues. Countries such as North-Western Europe, North American countries, Australia and New Zealand are countries that emphasize civil nation-building tools to the extent that they internalize the culture of democracy. Although it cannot be said that the civil nation-building tools are completely authentic, improvised, spontaneous or innocent, it can be said that they are much more democratic than other tools and predict a smooth transition. The rest of the world offers progressively harsher examples in terms of the means, way, and method adopted in nation-building processes. States in the continents of Asia, Africa, and South America can adopt drastically harsh methods to achieve nation-building.

It has been stated above that the methods adopted to realize nation-building, both in Europe and in the rest of the world, basically consist of compulsory and free education, historiography, nationalist language policies and propaganda, perception studies and other methods. Each country can fill them with their own realities and give priority to certain issues. For example, the United States of America education, with America being the country of freedom, England claim that and they are pioneers in the industry, technology, economy, the Germans with their deep-rooted and strong historical backgrounds and disciplined social structures can fill the French with an emphasis on being the cradle of refinement, elegance and modern culture. Similarly, the English refer to the universality of their language, the French to cultural studies, ceremonies and ceremonies; Germans, on the other hand, can focus on historiography and the emphasis on identity extending to the past.

Due to its historical development, there are also societies that see religion as a productive tool in nation-building and emphasize religion. Malaysia is one of them. Because the Malays' historical past does not go back too long, they can satisfy the origin, belonging and attachment need of social psychology through the religion of Islam. The establishment of the Sultanate of Malaka, the oldest Malay political formation in the Malaysian peninsula, can be traced back to the beginning of the 16th century. However, the Islamic social and cultural past can be traced back a thousand years. Similarly, there are countries that see national disasters as useful tools for nation-building. Israel and Ukraine are just two of them. Marking the Holocaust for Israel and the famine and mass deaths of the 1930s for Ukraine, the Holodomor incident represents one of the most influential elements of nation-building for contemporary Ukraine.

In this study, the nation-building process of 13 countries consisting of the United States, England, Germany, France, Spain, Russia, China, Iran, Nigeria, Lebanon, Ukraine, Macedonia and Iraq, respectively, was examined. As can be seen, the selected examples are the large and pioneering countries and the examples surrounding Turkey.

Each of the authors who prepared the book chapters are expert scientists who have written thesis, published articles and books within the framework of the country they are writing. The greatest contribution to the emergence of the work belongs to them. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of them one by one. Good luck to your hands and work. Likewise, Nobel Publications accepted to print this work and encouraged us to work. Finally, they put forth a great effort and dedication in the process of preparing the work for printing. I would like to thank all the employees and officials who contributed and contributed.

This work is the first study dealing with this subject in our country. Knowledge, thought and literary ability can only be developed and progressed in a cumulative way by building on it. I hope that this study will encourage future studies on nation-building.