TURKISH JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, vol.39, no.2, pp.203-211, 1997 (SCI-Expanded)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a stimulating effect on erythroid, megakaryocytic and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Activated T lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells release GM-CSF after stimulation by endotoxin and cytokines such as interleukin-l (IL-l) and tumor necrosis factor. IL-1 is also released in response to bacterial infections and inflammation by phagocytic mononuclear cells, GM-CSF and IL-1 levels were examined in 10 patients with recurrent pulmonary infection (repeaters) and in 10 patients with acute pulmonary infection (non-repeaters) in the acute and recovery periods of infection.