Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus)
ASTM C1435 is an international standard for producing molded roller-compacted concrete (RCC) cylinder samples of 150 × 300 mm using vibrating electric hammers. Although widely used, it is frequently misapplied to diverse mold dimensions and configurations. A key overlooked fact is that the standard aims to replicate the vibratory effects of actual roller compactors to produce molded samples. However, the current standard lacks technical details for simulating real-world variations in surrogate compaction. This paper defines the limitations of ASTM C1435 and proposes improvements based on a theoretical analogy between roller and hammer compaction. The results showed that ASTM C1435 yielded excessive compaction in molds smaller than the standardized dimensions, while providing insufficient compaction in larger ones. Tamping plate size and mass markedly affected vibration energy exerted, but remain unaddressed in the standard. The required vibration time was found to be related to the modeled roller’s speed, vibration mode, and pass count, none of which are specified in the standard. Consistency and unit weight of the material were also found to influence the final sample mass and volume, highlighting the need for more precise mix specifications. The density ratio, defined as the density of the core samples over the theoretical density of the compacted concrete, varied under different roller settings, confirming that electric hammers are only viable substitutes when field conditions are appropriately defined. In conclusion, a comprehensive overhaul of the standard, incorporating defined critical parameters, is necessary to make it a generic method that may be of great use to industry practitioners.