Synthesis of water-soluble phthalocyanine-modified nano TiO2 functional thin films and investigation of their photocatalytic activities against methylene blue and rhodamine B pollutants


Fazlı H., BIYIKLIOĞLU Z., KESMEZ Ö., Demir F.

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, cilt.189, sa.P1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 189 Sayı: P1
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116653
  • Dergi Adı: Inorganic Chemistry Communications
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, DIALNET
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Nanocomposite,Hybrid coatings, Photocatalysis, Phthalocyanine,Synthesis,Nano TiO2, Thin film
  • Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Starting from the initial compound 4-({5-[3-(diethylamino)phenoxy]pentyl}oxy)phthalonitrile, peripheral tetrasubstituted 5-[3-(diethylamino)phenoxy]pentoxy Cu(II), Co(II), and Mn(III) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble derivatives (DE-C5-CuQ (6), DE-C5-CoQ (7), and DE-C5-MnQ (8)) were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were incorporated into TiO₂ via the sol–gel method to obtain functional nanoparticles. The resulting DE-C5-CuQ/TiO₂, DE-C5-CoQ/TiO₂, and DE-C5-MnQ/TiO₂ nanocomposites were spray-coated onto glass substrates at weight ratios of 10%, 25%, and 50% to fabricate thin films.The photocatalytic activities of bare TiO₂ and the prepared nanocoatings were evaluated against methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) pollutants under visible light irradiation. Among the tested samples, DE-C5-MnQ/TiO₂ nanocoating with 25% coverage on glass exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue, achieving 93.27% degradation within 60 min, followed by DE-C5-CoQ/TiO₂ nanocoating with 25% coverage, which achieved 89.48% degradation under the same conditions. For rhodamine B, the DE-C5-CoQ/TiO₂ nanocoating with 50% coverage demonstrated superior degradation performance, showing approximately 2.5 times higher efficiency than 50% TiO₂. These results clearly demonstrate the significant enhancement in photocatalytic performance achieved through metal center modification and optimized coating ratio.