Research Information System
ACTA GEOPHYSICA, vol.73, no.3, pp.2769-2780, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The time for bacterial concentration to decrease by 90% (T-90 values) can dramatically vary from a few hours to a few days, depending on environmental conditions. However, the diffuser design of outfall projects is typically calculated based on a constant T-90 value. This study was designed to determine the initial dilution necessary to ensure low levels of coliform bacteria when using diffusers that are not designed to adapt to varying T-90 values. Dilution rates are calculated using several T-90 values. The results showed a strong inverse correlation between dilution rate and T-90 value. To maximize the dilution rate and decrease T-90 values, efficient diffuser design is essential. Various diffuser configurations were investigated to meet the dilution criteria. Suggested diffuser scenarios increased the near-field dilution and therefore the desired value of total dilution. The results presented may contribute to an improved understanding and selection of T-90 values for the management of marine outfalls.