Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, cilt.14, sa.2, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The accurate and reliable detection of heavy metals is of great importance given the substantial threat posed by heavy metal contamination to food safety, public health, and ecological sustainability. Nanosheets, defined as two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have emerged as a particularly important class of nanomaterials for enhancing electrochemical sensing platforms. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in nanosheet-based electrochemical sensors developed for the detection of heavy metals in food and environmental samples. The application of nanosheets, including MXenes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), manganese dioxide (MnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO), in electrochemical sensing platforms is highlighted with emphasis on interfacial properties, adsorption and redox mechanisms, and structure-performance relationships. A comparative analysis is presented to elucidate the influence of intrinsic nanosheet properties, such as surface functionality, defect sites, redox activity, and interactions driven by the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle, on sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits. The applicability of these sensors in complex real-world matrices is critically discussed, with emphasis on matrix effects, interferences, stability, regeneration, and suitability for portable and field-deployable platforms. Current challenges, including nanosheet restacking, conductivity limitations, oxidative instability, and integration constraints, are discussed, and future research directions related to hybrid material design, scalable green synthesis, device integration, and smart sensing technologies are outlined. By integrating material chemistry and surface engineering strategies, this review offers a comprehensive perspective for identifying suitable nanosheet platforms for heavy-metal sensing applications.