Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
9th International Azerbaijan Congress on Life, Engineering, Mathematical, and Applied Sciences, Baku, Azerbaycan, 20 - 22 Aralık 2024, ss.1-2
Production through traditional manufacturing methods remains highly
relevant on a global scale. While advanced manufacturing technologies offer
superior attributes, they are often cost-prohibitive for widespread industrial
application. High equipment costs, lengthy commissioning, and maintenance
expenses are key deterrents. Traditional methods allow for lower-cost
production due to existing expertise. With evolving material demands,
non-ferrous alloys are increasingly utilized across industries. Among these,
NiTi alloys (nickel-titanium), known for shape memory effects, have emerged as
prominent. NiTi alloys, generally composed of ~55% nickel and ~45% titanium,
belong to the shape memory alloys (SMA) category and display unique properties.
The alloy finds use in four major sectors: biomedical, aerospace, consumer
electronics, and automotive. Its biocompatibility makes it ideal for medical
implants. NiTi’s main characteristics include shape memory effect, which allows
it to revert to its original shape when heated above a certain temperature, and
superelasticity, which enables it to undergo substantial deformation and
recover without permanent strain. This phase transformation between martensite
(low temperature) and austenite (high temperature) underpins its superelastic
and shape memory properties. Although NiTi alloys are traditionally produced
through casting, powder metallurgy provides a lower-temperature alternative,
yielding cost efficiency and reduced oxidation risk. Powder metallurgy also
allows near-net shape production, minimizing machining and waste, which
enhances economic and environmental efficiency. In automotive applications,
SMAs like NiTi offer significant advantages. They serve in adaptive chassis,
suspension systems, engine components, and safety systems, where their
properties optimize structural adaptability. For efficiency, SMAs contribute to
thermal management, such as in engine valves that adjust based on temperature,
enhancing cooling and fuel efficiency. Active aerodynamics further benefit from
SMA components that respond to speed and temperature, optimizing vehicle shape
for aerodynamic performance while contributing to overall weight reduction. In
interior applications, SMAs enhance comfort features in seat adjustment
mechanisms and climate-controlled ventilation systems, improving vehicle
ergonomics and energy efficiency. With increased safety standards such as GSR
2, SMAs also support active and passive safety mechanisms. SMAs can enhance
collision energy absorption, improving impact safety. For electric and hybrid
vehicles, they aid in battery thermal management, boosting energy efficiency
and extending battery life. Consequently, SMAs, particularly NiTi, provide a
broad range of benefits from safety to energy efficiency, supporting the
automotive industry’s drive for innovation through advanced manufacturing and
material science developments.