Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and the 5A-5R Approach for Smoking Cessation Among Individuals Aged 18-40 Years

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ÖZCEYLAN Ö. F., Set T.

Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine, cilt.15, sa.2, ss.106-117, 2026 (Scopus, TRDizin)

Özet

Aim: This study aimed to compare smoking cessation outcomes between cardiovascular risk assessment-based advice and the 5A-5R approach. Methods: This intervention study was conducted between June and July 2023 at the Family Medicine Clinic of Karadeniz Technical University. Volunteer participants aged 18–40 years, who had smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least one year and had a lipid profile available within the preceding six months, were included. A total of 164 participants were allocated in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups completed a face-to-face questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and smoking habits. The control group received counseling based on the 5A-5R strategy, whereas the intervention group received smoking cessation advice guided by the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines, including a 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation for young adults. Smoking status was assessed at six months via telephone or face-to-face follow-up interviews. Results: The median age of participants was 33 years (interquartile range: 25–37). Overall, 61.6% (n=101) of participants had not been asked about smoking during their last outpatient visit, and 36% (n=59) had never received advice to quit. After six months, at least one quit attempt was reported by 29.3% (n=24) of the control group and 42.7% (n=35) of the intervention group. Conclusion: Smoking cessation advice based on cardiovascular risk assessment resulted in a comparable number of quit attempts relative to the 5A-5R strategy.