Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
5 th International World Energy Conference, Kayseri, Türkiye, 12 - 13 Aralık 2025, ss.1259-1267, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is a widely adopted, low-cost demand-side management strategy that aims to reduce peak demand and overall energy consumption in distribution systems by intentionally lowering the supply voltage. CVR is particularly effective for voltage-dependent residential loads; however, the degree of impact varies considerably depending on appliance characteristics. To better understand these variations, this study experimentally examines the electrical behavior of common household appliances subjected to controlled voltage changes. Measurements were performed at eight voltage levels between 180 V and 250 V, during which a comprehensive set of electrical parameters was recorded with one-second resolution. The results reveal that voltage variations influence appliances in markedly different ways. Resistive heater-based loads, such as air fryers and toasters, exhibited substantial increases in active power under higher voltage conditions—rising from 701 W to 839 W in the air fryer and by more than 70% in the toaster. These appliances therefore offer considerable potential for energy savings through CVR. Lighting devices also demonstrated distinct behaviors: compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) displayed strong voltage dependency, with active power increasing by approximately 33% as voltage rose, whereas LED lamps maintained nearly constant power consumption thanks to their electronic driver circuits. Conversely, appliances with constant-power characteristics tended to increase current draw at lower voltages, potentially limiting CVR effectiveness. Overall, the findings highlight that CVR impact is highly load-dependent and that uniform energy-saving expectations across all appliance types are unrealistic. Considering load composition during voltage optimization is essential for achieving more accurate energy-saving estimates and for designing effective, region-specific CVR applications that maintain consumer comfort while reducing peak demand.