Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
3rd International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster Risks (ENVIRORISKs2024), Sofija, Bulgaristan, 4 - 06 Haziran 2024, ss.1
Türkiye is a country with a land mass of 78,058
million ha, of which 23,245 million ha are forested, representing about 29,8
per cent of country’s total land area. About 12.5 million ha of forested lands
is subjected to and under the threat of fires. Most fires occur where
Mediterranean climate with high temperatures and low to nonexistent
precipitation during fire season is predominant in the southern and western part
of the country. Almost all forest is state owned and managed by the General
Directorate of Forestry (GDF), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Fire
management in the country is a state responsibility. A Fire Command Center
established in 1997 under the GDF, Forest Protection Unit is responsible for all
fire management issues, ranging from prevention activities to fire suppression
and other related issues. Fire management strategy has three steps; i) Prevention, ii) Suppression and iii)
Post Fire Rehabilitation. Fire prevention deals with risk abatement and danger
reduction. Risk is associated with ignition, and risk abatement involves
raising the level of awareness of general public and various responsibility
groups to the dangers of ignition and subsequent forest fires through education
and enforcement. As for the fire hazard reduction, fuel modification activities
are practiced in all fire prone areas. Fire suppression relies on early
detection, fast initial attack and powerful suppression. Each region has been
provided with sufficient aerial and ground resources and manpower to combat
forest fires. Recently, fire lookout towers equipped with automatic camera
systems and unmanned air vehicles (UAV) have been used for early detection and
fire monitoring. Nationally developed computer based decision support tools and
systems such as fire weather index, fire decision support system and forest
fire fighting training simulator (FireFLY) systems have also been used for fire
management. Burned areas are revegetated and/or rehabilitated immediately after
fire. This is enforced by law. Since 2008, Rehabilitation of Burned Areas and
The Establishment of Fire Resistant Forests Project (YARDOP) has been implemented
in burned areas. The structure of the landscape has been redesigned in these
project areas using buffer zones with varying widths planted with different
local less flammable plant species and non-wood plant species with economic
value.