Syndromic Convergence in Aquaculture Disease Management: A Critical Review of Climate-Pathobiome Interactions, Diagnostic Frameworks, and Knowledge Gaps
Reviews in Aquaculture, cilt.18, sa.4, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 4
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1111/raq.70189
- Dergi Adı: Reviews in Aquaculture
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Environment Index, INSPEC, Zoological Record, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Earth, Atmospheric, & Aquatic Science Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: biosurveillance, climate-driven virulence, co-infection, diagnostic scoring matrix, pathobiome, syndromic convergence
- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Aquaculture disease management is increasingly confronted by complex, multi-factorial outbreaks that resist explanation under the conventional “one pathogen, one disease” framework derived from Koch's postulates. This review introduces syndromic convergence (SyCo) as a formal conceptual framework defining disease states in which climate-driven environmental stressors, host immune competence, and interacting pathogen communities (pathobiomes) synergistically produce disease syndromes qualitatively distinct from the sum of individual pathogen effects. Drawing on documented outbreaks in salmonids, penaeid shrimp, Mediterranean marine species, and freshwater finfish, it is demonstrated that SyCo events, characterized by synergistic mortality exceeding 1.5× that of any single pathogen, cannot be adequately diagnosed or managed using single-agent surveillance systems or reductionist intervention strategies. It is proposed a five-criterion quantitative scoring matrix (0–10 scale; threshold ≥ 8) for SyCo classification, a tiered confidence-rating system for climate-virulence mechanisms, and a Syndromic Convergence Early Warning Index (SC-EWI) integrating water quality, microbiome dysbiosis, behavioral signals, and stressor history into a composite farm-level risk score. A three-layer precision intervention framework, environmental mitigation, host immune priming (including nanovaccines and trans-generational immune priming), and pathobiome-targeted biologicals (RNAi and phage cocktails), is proposed as operationally aligned with the SyCo model. Seven priority knowledge gaps are identified, including validation of the scoring matrix against outbreak data, quantification of the EHP-Vibrio dose–response axis, characterization of maternal microbiome contributions to trans-generational immune priming, and development of multi-target dsRNA constructs for co-infection scenarios. Collectively, this framework advances a transition from reactive, single-pathogen pathology to predictive, convergence-aware biosurveillance in global aquaculture.