Improving the seismic resistance of masonry building with CFRP: Experimental validation and numerical modeling
Structures, cilt.91, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 91
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.istruc.2026.112675
- Dergi Adı: Structures
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ambient vibration test, CFRP, Masonry building, Shake table, Strengthening
- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Masonry buildings remain highly vulnerable to earthquakes; practical strengthening strategies and reliable predictive models are therefore essential. This study investigates a 1:2 scale unreinforced masonry (URM) specimen that was first damaged and then the same specimen was subsequently strengthened with CFRP (hereinafter the Strengthened Building, SB) and re-tested. Incremental uniaxial shake-table tests, finite-element analyses (FEA), and ambient-vibration based modal identification (EFDD/SVSDM) were employed to monitor stiffness degradation, mode-shape stability, and response histories across damage states (DS). Experimentally, the URM specimen exhibited brittle behavior and reached DS-4 under SE-6 (PGA = 0.70 g). After CFRP strengthening, SB sustained higher demand but attained DS-5 under SE-9 (PGA = 1.0 g) with a base-shear governed failure and debonding at the wall foundation interface (no mechanical anchorage). The first natural frequency decreased from 22.97 Hz (URM-undamaged) to 17.41 Hz (URM-DS-4), increased to 19.95 Hz (SB-undamaged), and declined to 13.95 Hz (SB–DS-5); the torsional mode remained nearly unchanged, and the mode order was preserved. At SB DS-5, the numerical model predicted a peak lateral displacement of 38.72 mm, compared with the experimental value of 32.79 mm, corresponding to an 18.1% difference relative to the experimental measurement. Sequential FE simulation of the stepwise tests is inherently challenging because each stage introduces different initial conditions (e.g., evolving material properties and boundary states). The undamaged specimen was calibrated according to experimental modal parameters. The initial step for other simulations is the damage obtained from the previous simulation step. Thus, cumulative damage could be tracked until collapse.