Impact of low emission zone on both physical and mental health: A systematic review
Advances in Transport Policy and Planning, Elsevier B.V., 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/bs.atpp.2026.07.007
- Yayınevi: Elsevier B.V.
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Air quality, Health, Low emission zone, Social exclusion, Socio-psychological impact, Traffic-related pollution
- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Air pollution significantly impacts human health and social welfare, particularly in urban areas due to vehicle emissions. To address this issue, various transportation planning strategies have been implemented, including Low Emission Zones (LEZs). This policy is rapidly spreading worldwide, especially in Europe and the United Kingdom. This study systematically reviews the effects of LEZs on human health. Research indicates that PM₂.₅ from vehicle emissions, which human lungs cannot filter, is linked to numerous respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease leading to heart attacks; strokes; chronic and acute lower respiratory diseases; and low birth weight among newborns. The study compiles evidence showing that air pollution decreases after LEZ implementation, leading to a reduction in these diseases. LEZs involve restrictions such as prohibiting vehicles with inadequate emission standards or diesel fuel from entering the area, or imposing charges if they do so. These zones affect not only residents within the LEZ but also those outside it. Diesel vehicle owners may feel socially excluded and experience related anxiety when unable to enter the zone. Additionally, these vehicle owners may heavily use surrounding areas to avoid charges, causing air quality outside the LEZ to deteriorate. This negatively impacts the health of those living outside the LEZ and can similarly cause anxiety. The review concludes that when creating traffic regulation policies, it is essential to consider the effects on the entire zone, not just specific areas. While the literature confirms that LEZ implementation improves air quality by reducing vehicle emissions, it also highlights potential negative impacts on the physical and mental health of those living outside the zone and vehicle owners.