Ramalina polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach. Extract Confers Broad-Spectrum Protection against Tin-Induced Toxicity in Allium cepa L.
Biology Bulletin, cilt.53, sa.4, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 53 Sayı: 4
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1134/s1062359026600194
- Dergi Adı: Biology Bulletin
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Artic & Antarctic Regions, BIOSIS, Zoological Record, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Allium cepa, heavy metal, lichen, Ramalina polymorpha, tin, toxicity
- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır
Özet
Abstract: This study evaluated the protective effects of Ramalina polymorpha lichen extract against tin (SnCl2) toxicity on Allium cepa L. Bulbs were treated with 0.5 g L–1R. polymorpha extract, 1.0 g L–1R. polymorpha extract, 40 µM SnCl2 solution, 40 µM SnCl2 + 0.5 g L–1R. polymorpha extract, and 40 µM SnCl2 + 1.0 g L–1R. polymorpha extract. Application of SnCl2 caused a decrease in mitotic index (MI), an increase in micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), as well as DNA damage determined by the Comet assay, along with significant reductions in rooting rate, root length, and total weight. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels. Chlorophyll a and b contents were also reduced. R. polymorpha extract exhibited a dose-dependent mitigating effect on all adverse effects induced by SnCl2. Both extract concentrations caused a decrease in DNA damage, MN and CAs frequency, and meristematic tissue damage, while increasing SOD and CAT activities, proline and pigment content, cell division, and growth. LC-MS/MS analysis identified p-coumaric acid as the primary component of the extract, with a percentage of 80.8%. The potent antioxidant and metal chelation properties of this compound and its combination with other phenolic compounds in this compound have formed the possible basis for the protective effect. In summary, the R. polymorpha extract is a promising natural bioprotectant against heavy metal contamination. It is notable for its environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and biological safety.