Short and Long-Term Relationships Between Female Labour Force Participation, Fertility, and Working from Home Kadın İşgücüne Katılım, Doğurganlık ve Evden Çalışma Arasındaki Kısa ve Uzun Dönem İlişkiler

Doğan Erenel S., Demir Şen S., Yamak N.

Sosyoekonomi, vol.34, no.68, pp.585-608, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus, TRDizin) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 34 Issue: 68
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2026.02.24
  • Journal Name: Sosyoekonomi
  • Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Page Numbers: pp.585-608
  • Keywords: Female Labour Force Participation Rate, Fertility Rate, Work From Home Rate
  • Karadeniz Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

In this study, Westerlund (2007) cointegration and Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) causality tests are used to examine short-and long-term relationships between female labour force participation, fertility, and working from home across 27 European countries using annual data for the period 2006-2021. In addition, the mean group dynamic least squares estimator (DOLSMG) method developed by Pedroni (2001) was used to estimate the coefficients of long-term relationships. The analysis reveals cointegration among the variables and that the long-run coefficients differ across models. The causality analysis findings show that there is a unidirectional causal relationship running from the work-from-home rate to the female labour force participation rate and a bidirectional causal relationship between the other variables.