The simulation realism scale for healthcare professionals and students: A development, validity and reliability study


Batmaz F., ÖZTÜRK H., BIYIK BAYRAM Ş., ÖZKAYA A. K.

Clinical Simulation in Nursing, cilt.106, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 106
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ecns.2025.101788
  • Dergi Adı: Clinical Simulation in Nursing
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, CINAHL
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Health professionals, Realism, Scale development, Simulation, Student, Tool development
  • Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Introduction: Realism in simulations significantly influences educational outcomes, yet there is no standardized tool to assess participants' perceptions. Developing a tool to measure how realistic they are will enhance the design of simulations, make them easier to evaluate and improve their quality. Aims: This methodological study aimed to develop and validate the Simulation Realism Scale (SRS) for use by healthcare professionals and students. Methods: A 21-item scale was developed using Morgado et al.’s (2017) three-stage approach. Three hundred and seventy-two participants participated in standardized simulations according to the INACSL guidelines. Language and content validity were ensured. Construct validity was tested with CFA; reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha (α), item-total correlations, and test-retest. Results: The CFA confirmed a five-factor structure explaining 65% of variance. The Cronbach's α value was 0.91. Discussion: The SRS is a reliable, valid tool for measuring perceived realism in simulation-based healthcare education. Conclusions: Further validation across different cultures is recommended.