Advances in Engineering Software, cilt.190, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
Smart materials have garnered significant attention due to their distinct properties and potential applications in various engineering fields. In line with this, this study presents a local–global optimization approach aimed at maximizing the multiphysics frequency of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced magneto-electro-elastic (FG-CNTMEE) plates. The laminated FG-CNTMEE plate is composed of layers of functionally graded carbon nanotubes embedded in an electro-elastic matrix, rendering it capable of exhibiting exceptional properties in response to magnetic and electric fields. To optimize its performance, a Balance Enhanced Symbiotic Organisms Search (BESOS) algorithm with new modifications of phases is proposed for global optimization, and integrated with a multiphysical isogeometric analysis using refined zigzag theory (MIARZ) for precise local–global analysis of laminated FG-CNTMEE plates within a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) environment. The effectiveness, robustness, and reliability of the proposed approach are demonstrated through numerical examples that highlight its applicability in achieving optimal designs for smart laminated FG-CNTMEE plates.